Essentials for utilizing LoRa to Modbus Converters and Repeaters in Solar Plant Monitoring

Different countries have different regulations, identify the frequency allowed to be utilised in your region (here), in India 865 MHz to 867 MHz is allowed for use

Balancing Range and Data Rate: Choose the spreading factor based on the required range and data rate.Considering the environment; a higher spreading factor might be beneficial for better penetration in the presence of obstacles but provide low data rate.

• Don’t let the modules continuously be in full load transmitting state, otherwise the module may be burnt out
• Using near the ground may result in poor performance as the wireless radio waves will be absorbed and reflected by the ground.
• Using near the sea may yield poor performance due to the significant capacity of seawater to absorb wireless radio waves.
• The presence of a metal object near the antenna or placing the antenna inside a metal case will impact the signal.

• Consider Line of Sight: Install LoRa modules at a height that provides a clear line of sight between two comunication modules.
• Optimal Elevation: Aim for an elevation that minimizes obstacles and maximizes signal coverages. Rooftops or towers can be suitable locations.

Install LoRa converters away from power supplies, transformers, high-frequency wiring, inverters, and other components with significant electromagnetic interference, as they can significantly affect the module’s performance.

• Use weather-resistant enclosures for LoRa modules to protect them from environmental factors.
• Utilize SPD’s (surge protection devices) to prevent damages from surges
• Do not use it in a working environment that exceeds the environmental characteristics of the modules, such as high temperature, humidity, low temperature, strong electromagnetic field or dusty environment

• The performance of the module is significantly impacted by the antenna mounting structure. It is crucial to ensure that the antenna is exposed, preferably vertically upward.
• In cases where the module is housed within a room, try to extend the RS485 cable and deploy outside and if not possible add a high-quality antenna extension cable to extend the antenna outside the case. More Details
• If the extension antenna cable is of poor quality or too long, the bit error rate will be high, if extension is required utilise good antenna extension cables only.
• Installing the antenna inside a metal case should be avoided, as it significantly reduce the transmission distance.
• Utilize different type of Antenna’s as per site conditions, some examples are available here on page 8 and consolidated below